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State of charge and health estimation of batteries for electric vehicles applications: key issues and challenges

2021-06-18

文章导读

“两碳”目标下的电动汽车与能源互联网融合发展是当下重要的创新实践方向，使用电动汽车进行运输被视为实现可持续发展和解决环境问题的必要组成部分。当前对环境的关注，例如化石燃料的快速消耗，空气污染的增加，能源需求的加速增长，全球变暖和气候变化，为交通运输部门的电气化铺平了道路，而发展电动汽车是解决上述问题的重要途径。电源已成为电动汽车发展的关键，尤其是锂离子（Li-ion）电池。由于其能量密度、功率密度、寿命、标称电压和成本等方面的优势，锂离子电池在电动汽车行业引起了相当大的关注。锂离子电池使用的主要问题涉及对电池状态和健康状况进行快速而准确的估计。必须准确确定电池的性能、健康状况和预测其寿命，以确保可靠性和效率。本论文对电动汽车及其类型的进行了技术综述，回顾了相应的电池特性，总结了锂离子电池预测和健康监测的最新研究，以及电流/电压估算，充电状态（SoC）估算和容量估算等内容。

State of charge and health estimation of batteries for electric vehicles applications: key issues and challenges

电动汽车电池的充电状态和健康状况评估：关键问题和挑战

Samarendra Pratap Singh¹, Praveen Prakash Singh², Sri Niwas Singh³, Prabhakar Tiwari⁴

（1.Department of Electrical Engineering, IET, Dr Rammannohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India 2.Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia 3.Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India 4.Department of Electrical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur, India ）

Abstract

Using electric vehicles (EVs) for transportation is considered as a necessary component for managing sustainable development and environmental issues. The present concerns regarding the environment, such as rapid fossil fuel depletion, increases in air pollution, accelerating energy demands, global warming, and climate change, have paved the way for the electrification of the transport sector. EVs can address all of the aforementioned issues. Portable power supplies have become the lifeline of the EV world, especially lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-ion batteries have attracted considerable attention in the EV industry, owing to their high energy density, power density, lifespan, nominal voltage, and cost. One major issue with such batteries concerns providing a quick and accurate estimation of a battery’s state and health; therefore, accurate determinations of the battery’s performance and health, as well as an accurate prediction of its life, are necessary to ensure reliability and efficiency. This study conducts a review of the technological briefs of EVs and their types, as well as the corresponding battery characteristics. Various aspects of recent research and developments in Li- ion battery prognostics and health monitoring are summarized, along with the techniques, algorithms, and models used for current/voltage estimations, state-of-charge (SoC) estimations, capacity estimations, and remaining-useful-life predictions.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles, State of Charge, State of Health, Battery Test.

Fig.1 Battery electric vehicle (BEV)

Fig.2Types of electric vehicles (EVs)- hybrid EV (HEV), plug-in HEV (PHEV), BEV

Fig.3Classification of electrochemical cells

Fig.4Equivalent Circuit Model of Batteries and V-I Characteristic of Cells [8]

Fig.5 (a) Relationship between discharge rate and capacity (b) Capacity variation with discharge time [8]

Fig.6 Different layers of Tesla cell (Li-ion) [9]

Fig.7 Simplified working diagram of a Li-ion battery [6]

Fig.8 Rint model [31]

Fig.9 Resistance–capacitance (RC) model [31]

Fig.10 Thevenin’s model [34]

Fig.11 Improved Thevenin model [37]

Fig.12 Runtime model [10]

Fig.13 Combined electrical model [10]

Fig.14 Classification of state-of-charge (SoC) measurements [29, 30]

本文引文信息

Singh S, Singh P, Singh Sri, Tiwari P J (2021) State of charge and health estimation of batteries for electric vehicles applications: key issues and challenges, 4(2): 145-157

萨曼德拉·普拉塔普·辛格，普拉文·普拉卡什·辛格，斯里·尼瓦斯·辛格，普拉巴卡·蒂瓦里 (2021) 电动汽车电池的充电状态和健康状况评估：关键问题和挑战. 全球能源互联网（英文），4(2): 145-157

Biographies

Samarendra Pratap Singh

Samarendra Pratap Singh is Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Dr Rammnohar Lohiya Avadh University, Ayodhya, India. His research interest includes power system, smart grid, electric vehicles and renewable energy sources.

Praveen Prakash Singh

Praveen Prakash Singh obtained his BTech in electrical degree from GLA University Mathura (India) and MTech degrees from Aalborg University, Denmark. He was a Research Associate in the department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India. Presently he is working for PhD degree in energy systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Estonia. His research interest includes power systems, smart grid, electric vehicles, electricity market and renewable energy sources.

Sri Niwas Singh

Sri Niwas Singh received M.Tech and Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 1989 and 1995 respectively. Presently, he is Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. His research interests include power system restructuring, FACTS, power system optimization & control, security analysis, power system planning etc. He is a fellow of IEEE, IET, INAE, IE(I) and IETE (India).

Prabhakar Tiwari

Prabhakar Tiwari is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India. His research interest includes power systems, smart grid, electric vehicles and renewable energy sources.

编辑：王闻昊王彦博

审核：王伟

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